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NDC Conferences: Demystifying the Enigma Machine - a Functional Journey - Isaac Abraham - NDC Copenhagen 2025

Demystifying the Enigma Machine – a Functional F# Adventure

Ever wondered how WWII’s “unbreakable” Enigma really worked (and how it eventually fell)? This talk kicks off with the historical drama of Allied codebreakers versus the German cipher device, breaking down Enigma’s rotors, reflector and plugboard into a neat, fold-based pipeline of pure F# functions. You’ll see how functional programming doesn’t just make for elegant code, but also shines a spotlight on the machine’s critical design quirks that led to its undoing.

Once the model’s in place, the fun really begins: we dive into a mix of unit tests for each component and property-based testing to prove encryption and decryption are perfect inverses. Along the way, you’ll pick up practical functional patterns and testing strategies you can apply to any complex system—crypto or otherwise.

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