In this episode of The Backend Engineering Show, Hussein unpacks page faults—the kernel’s way of handling when a process touches memory that isn’t backed by a physical page yet. After a quick primer on virtual memory (abstraction, sharing, NUMA) and VMA regions (text, data, BSS, heap, stack), he dives into the various fault types: first-access, stack expansion, copy-on-write, swap-in, file-backed, and permission violations.
You’ll also get a peek at kernel-mode transitions and a wrap-up of the performance trade-offs behind each fault, so you can fine-tune your backend systems without unexpected memory penalties.
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